Thursday, February 28, 2019

Sinclair Broadcast Group Inc (SBGI) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript

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Sinclair Broadcast Group Inc  (NASDAQ:SBGI)Q4 2018 Earnings Conference CallFeb. 27, 2019, 9:00 a.m. ET

Contents: Prepared Remarks Questions and Answers Call Participants Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good day ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the Sinclair Broadcast Group's Fourth Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on listen-only mode, and the floor will be open for your questions and comments following the presentation. (Operator Instructions).

At this time it is my pleasure to turn the floor over to your host, Lucy Rutishauser, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Ma'am the floor is yours.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you operator. Participating on the call with me today are David Smith, Executive Chairman; Chris Ripley, President and CEO; Steve Marks, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of our Television Group; and Rob Weisbord, Senior Vice President and Chief Revenue Officer. Before we begin, Billie-Jo McIntire will make our forward-looking statement disclaimer.

Billie-Jo McIntire -- Manager, Investor Relations

Certain matters discussed on this call may include forward-looking statements regarding among other things, future operating results. Such statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results in the future could differ from those described in the forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors. Such factors have been set forth in the company's most recent reports as filed with the SEC and included in our fourth quarter earnings release. The company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

The company uses its website as a key source of company information, which can be accessed at www.sbgi.net. In accordance with Regulation FD, this call is being made available to the public. A webcast replay will be available on our website and will remain available until our next quarterly earnings release. Included on the call will be a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures, specifically television broadcast cash flow, EBITDA, free cash flow and leverage. These metrics are not meant to replace GAAP measurements, but are provided as supplemental detail to assist the public in their analysis and valuation of our company. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the GAAP measures in our financial statements is provided on our website under investors/non-GAAP measures.

Chris Ripley will now take you through our operating highlights.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Good morning everyone and thank you for joining our fourth quarter earnings call. We have some great results to report and some equally exciting updates on our business strategies. Since our board approved a $1 billion share repurchase authorization last August, the largest in our company's history, we've used approximately $320 million to buy back 11 million shares or 11% of the total shares outstanding, generating $0.63 of annualized free cash flow per share. At a 5x average free cash flow multiple, that represents approximately $300 million of equity value created.

As you know, local news is one of our most valuable assets and an area that we have made significant investments in over the years, including additional news hours, 24/7 content centers, townhalls and deeper investigative reporting. We continue to be an industry leader with our cutting edge drone journalism, and are proud to announce that our drone program just flew it's 10,000th flight. Through our drone journalism across the country, we've been able to provide our viewers with a unique visual perspective on significant local stories.

The return on our news investments is evident in the almost 350 awards received this past year and in our 2018 political revenue results. Not only did we generate a company record $255 million of political revenues, but we grew our share of the total ad dollar spent.

As we think about the strength of 2018's mid-term elections and a number of candidates already announcing their candidacy for President, we believe the 2020 presidential cycle will result in yet another record breaking political year for us.

While we continue to strengthen our local news offerings, we also have been focused on local sports, entering into a joint venture with the Chicago Cubs and bringing together one of America's most iconic sports franchises with our company's expertise in production, distribution and local sales.

Marquee Sports Network, as the newly created regional sports network will be called, launches in the first quarter of 2020 and represents a new level of premium content for which we can use the many strengths of our organization cultivated over decades of operating broadcast stations.

On the ATSC 3.0 technology front, we had many exciting announcements at CES, along with our partner Saankhya Labs, we showcased the first 3.0 mobile chipset which Samsung Foundry will begin producing in volume this year. What's even more exciting is that this ATSC 3.0 chip is designed for all the mainstream global TV standards, making it a global SKU for OEMs. Meanwhile, we signed a joint venture agreement to work with SK Telecom on the technologies needed for the convergence of next-gen television and 5G wireless. We also announced an MOU with SK Telecom and Harman, world leaders in automotive and infotainment systems, to co-develop an advanced automotive platform based on the ATSC 3.0 broadcast standard.

The new platform will use terrestrial broadcast facilities to allow drivers to experience various in-vehicle services, such as HD terrestrial video broadcast, TV broadcasting, 3D maps, software updates, and vehicle-to-everything certificate management.

Finally, we and Spectrum Co. are in the process of finalizing deployment plans for ATSC 3.0 in 20 to 30 of our markets in 2019. I know many of you are awaiting an update on the status of some of our network affiliation and MVPD agreements. We are pleased to report that we have renewed NBC affiliations in 13 markets and successfully negotiated 26 FOX affiliations, as well as our retransmission renewal of Mediacom. We are reconfirming our guidance for net distribution revenues to be up low teens percents this year and in 2020.

Before I turn it over to Lucy, I think it's important to give you some color around the many initiatives that we are working on, because you'll see those expenses running through our 2019 outlook, and we want to make sure you understand the value proposition. Our initiatives can be broken down into content, distribution and marketing services. On the distribution side, an important company focuses your continued investment in ATSC 3.0, which we believe will transform our industry through added capacity in an over-the-air and 5G hybrid environment. Addressability, interactivity and mobility of our signal. Our content initiative is centered around controlling more of our rights in establishing brands to monetize the content on multiple platforms.

Included here are investments in our emerging networks of Comet, Charge! TBD and Stadium and our newly launched direct-to-consumer offering STIRR. We are also making investments in Tennis Channel securing long-term rights for the WTA and ATP. Tennis Channel will also launch an international consumer offering, which we are targeting for launch later this year. Furthermore, our newly announced RSN with the Cubs which will go live in 2020 will have some minor CapEx and start-up costs this year.

On the marketing side, our media network sales group is making further strides into the $50 billion pool of advertising dollars allocated to cable networks. We continue to launch new digital products, such as Compulse OTT and have several sales initiatives around technology and automation and transforming our sales force from generalists to dedicated category specialists.

At the same time, we are constantly reviewing our initiatives. This quarter, we've launched a cost-cutting program, under which we expect to achieve $20 million in annualized cost savings by ramping down non-performing initiatives and implementing other operating efficiencies.

Our initiatives are bending the curve on advertising growth and helping replace what is lost from fragmentation. We believe that by diversifying our offerings and revenue mix and by being broadly distributed with unique and defensible content, we can create long-term value for our shareholders.

As I mentioned, you'll see these strategic expenses in our 2019 guidance. Absent these initiatives and step-ups and reverse retrans and pro forma for our cost-cutting program, our media expenses are estimated to increase less than 1% for the year.

Now Lucy will take you through the fourth quarter results.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Chris. Continuing with the positive news, I'm pleased to report that we exceeded our fourth quarter media revenue, EBITDA and free cash flow guidance.

Media revenues for the fourth quarter were $849 million, an increase of 22.5% or $156 million higher than fourth quarter 2017 and exceeding our guidance. For the year, we achieved record-setting media revenues of $2,919 million. Included in our fourth quarter media revenues was $334 million of distribution revenue, an 11% increase over the prior year period. For the year, distribution revenues were $1,299 million, and as guided, we achieved pro forma net retrans growth of low-single-digit percent for the year.

Political revenues in the fourth quarter were a record-setting $150 million versus $16 million in the fourth quarter of last year, a non-election year, and higher than the top-end of our guidance range. Media operating expenses in the fourth quarter, defined as media production and media SG&A expenses, were $475 million, up from the fourth quarter last year on higher reverse retrans fees, the growth initiatives, and compensation and sales commissions on a higher revenue. Our reported media expenses were $11 million unfavorable to our previous guidance, but that was primarily due to exceeding our revenue projections.

Corporate overhead in the quarter was $22 million. Non-media EBITDA was approximately $7 million in the quarter, $13 million better than our prior guidance on higher sales at our antenna company, Dielectric, and timing of ONE Media and R&D expenses that will roll into 2019.

EBITDA in the fourth quarter adjusted for $3 million of legal, regulatory and other nonrecurring costs, was $340 million, up $108 million and exceeding guidance. Net interest expense for the quarter was $49 million and our weighted average cost of debt is approximately 5.5%. Equity method and other investments for the quarter were a net expense of $17 million, primarily related to our sustainability initiatives.

Diluted earnings per share on $98 million weighted average common shares was $2.10 in the quarter or $2.13 per share, excluding $0.03 of onetime and nonrecurring costs. Recall, that in 2017 in addition to $24 million of tax reform, bonuses, legal, regulatory and other non-recurring costs we also had $225 million gain related to vacating spectrum in two markets, as well as a non-recurring benefit of $272 million related to the remeasurement of our deferred tax liabilities as a result of the reduction in corporate federal income tax rate.

Excluding these onetime in non-recurring items, the prior year adjusted diluted earnings per share would've been $0.50, as compared to an adjusted $2.13 in the fourth quarter of 2018.

As Chris mentioned, we continue to buy our shares back, repurchasing 6.1 million shares in the fourth quarter. Excluding the $3 million of legal regulatory and other non-recurring costs, we generated $268 million of free cash flow in the quarter and exceeded guidance on the EBITDA beat. $175 million of the free cash flow went to share repurchases, $12 million to debt pay-down, and $19 million to dividend distributions, the dividend rate, which we increased 11% in the fourth quarter.

For the year, free cash flow was a record-setting $730 million. Combined 2017-2018 pro forma cash flow was $1,173 million, beating guidance and representing free cash flow per share of $5.98 on 98 million shares. For 2018-2019, we are raising the low end of our guidance for a new range of $1,150 million to $1,220 million or $6.18 to $6.56 of free cash flow per share on 93 million shares. We are introducing 2019-2020 free cash flow guidance of $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion or $6.45 to $6.99 of free cash flow per share on 93 million shares.

Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow highlights. Capital expenditures in the fourth quarter were $27 million, including $9 million for the repack. For full year 2018, non-repack CapEx was $74 million below our guidance of $81 million, with the difference rolling into 2019. In addition, repack CapEx was $31 million for the full year of 2018, compared to our expectation of $37 million also on timing.

For 2019, we expect non-repack CapEx to be $110 million to $120 million, including timing of the 2018 projects, as well as deploying ATSC 3.0 in 20 to 30 markets. Repack CapEx in 2019 is expected to be $140 million, which is expected to be reimbursed by the government.

Cash programming payments during the fourth quarter were $25 million and for the year were $108 million, in line with our prior guidance. We're expecting 2019 film (ph) payments to decline to $95 million.

Net cash taxes paid in the fourth quarter were $11 million, with $10 million related to spectrum sales and therefore not deducted from free cash flow purposes. For 2019 we are estimating cash taxes to be approximately $29 million, with the majority of that relating to the 2018 extension payment. Our effective tax rate is estimated to be 9% for the year.

At December 31, total debt to a $3,892 million, including $21 million of non guaranteed and VIE debt. Cash at December 31st was approximately $1,060 million. In addition, we had $485 million available on our revolver, bringing total liquidity to over $1.5 billion.

Total net leverage through the holding company at quarter end was 3.21x on a trailing eight quarter basis, excluding the VIE non-guaranteed debt and net of cash. The first lien indebtedness ratio on a trailing eight quarters was 1.17x on a covenant of 4.45x. I know I've said this every quarter this past year, but this is now our strongest balance sheet in our company history, and that's even after having repurchased 8% of our total equity in 2018.

As mentioned, we did repurchase 6.1 million shares of that in the fourth quarter and another 3.4 million shares in the first quarter of 2019, representing 11% of total equity repurchased since August 2018. We currently have approximately $767 million remaining on our share authorization.

Now Steve Marks will take you through our operating performance.

Steven M. Marks -- Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

Thank you, Lucy and good morning everybody. We ended 2018 on a very positive note with the strongest midterm political year in the company's history. We beat both our political and core advertising guidance in the quarter. In fact, despite the political crowd-out effect, the back half of 2018 outperformed better than the first half and the fourth quarter was the strongest of all quarters, with the core advertising down just over 3%.

Political ad revenue in the fourth quarter was $150 million versus $16 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 and $2 million better than our guidance. For the year, we did over $0.25 billion in midterm political advertising. To put this in perspective, 2018's $255 million just missed beating 2012's $266 million of pro forma Presidential Year dollars and crushed both 2016's $206 million and 2014's $155 million pro forma results. With more than a dozen candidates already campaigning for 2020, we believe there are strong indications that the coming presidential year will be extremely robust and our biggest year ever. Our digital business continues to perform very well with revenues growing 22% in the fourth quarter as compared to the same period last year. Our Compulse OTT product has been a hit, and one of our fastest-growing digital verticals.

Turning to our outlook for first quarter, we are expecting media revenues to be approximately $667 million to $673 million, up 4% to 5% as compared to first quarter 2018. This assumes $2 million of political revenues versus $7 million last year, and includes $344 million to $347 million in distribution fees versus $314 million last year.

Core advertising revenues in the first quarter, excluding political, are expected to be flattish versus the same period last year. On the expense side, we are forecasting media expenses in the first quarter to be approximately $476 million to $478 million. Pro forma for the cost-cutting program were $482 million to $484 million on a as-reported basis. The majority of the increase versus the first quarter of 2018 is due to reverse retrans and the growth initiatives and added Tennis rights that Chris talked about.

For the year, media expenses are expected to be $1,964 million to $1,967 million. Pro forma for the cost-cutting program were $1,970 million to $1,973 million on a as-reported basis. The year-to-year increase is due primarily to reverse retrans renewals and escalators, and our growth initiatives and rights fees.

These revenue-generating initiatives, including STIRR, launched last month upgrades the content on our multicast channels of Comet and Charge! and TBD, expanding our (ph) digital and content labs to do proof-of-concepts on future content and digital offerings.

Tennis Channel's long-term rights to the WTA and ATP, as well as plans to roll out an international direct-to-consumer tennis product later this year, sales transformation, investments in news and marquee start-up costs. Excluding reverse, the growth initial investments in tennis rights, media expenses are forecasted to increase by less than 1% in 2019. Adjusted EBITDA in the first quarter is expected to be approximately $152 million to $157 million. Pro forma for the cost-cutting program were $146 million to $151 million on an as-reported basis. As a reminder, net retrans for the year is expected to grow low-teen percents.

For the quarter -- for the first quarter, we expect adjusted free cash flow to be $77 million to $82 million pro forma for the cost-cutting program, with $71 million to $76 million on an as-reported basis. As Lucy mentioned, 2018-2019 average free cash flow per share is estimated at $6.37 and for 2019-2020 $6.72 per share.

I know we've provided a lot of numbers to you this morning. So before turning it over to questions, I want to highlight some of the key takeaways.

One, core advertising continued to improve throughout 2018 and we expect it to be up for 2019. Net retrans is expected to grow low-teen percents in each of 2019 and in 2020. The company is undertaking an annualized $20 million cost-cutting program. Free cash flow per share is expected to grow for 2018-2019 and again for 2019-2020. Our credit profile is at (technical difficulty), and our initiatives are bending the advertising growth curve.

And with that I would like to open it up to questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

(Operator Instructions). We'll go first to Aaron Watts with Deutsche Bank.

Aaron Watts -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Hey everyone. Thanks for all the details. I am going to start with a question on core. It sounds like you're seeing kind of a flattish environment in the first quarter. Can you talk about a little bit what you're seeing on the local side versus national? Maybe touch on the auto category as well? And then what gives you confidence you see an improving trajectory, as you move through the year?

Steven M. Marks -- Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

I want to take you through fourth quarter beginning in November, because it tells a great story ending the year. We were just a pinch shy off flat in November and remember there is -- first week of November, there is political advertising. In December, we were up in core and we were up impressively in December. And when you take a look at the automotive category in 2018, which was clearly down, and fourth quarter, hard to pinpoint because of the crowd-out figure, we did huge money in political in fourth quarter. We're also very encouraged right now in the first quarter with that flattish figure, as automotive continues to be slightly down for us, and I don't think you're going to hear that from most of the calls that you'd be doing after us.

We're doing actually quite well in auto and we believe auto, for 2019, will be in the plus category for us, as will core. So when you take a look at the last two months of 2018, and you take a look at the momentum that we have going into 2019, we're really encouraged with this report. We believe core will be up in 2019. We believe oil will be up in 2019. So again, not sure how much you're going to hear that from others, but that's how we feel right now about our business.

David Smith -- Chairman Of The Board

And as Chris mentioned going from generalist to specialist, we've made a concerted effort to hire folks that are selling to the auto groups to come from the auto industry, especially for tier-3 in our local markets, and that's part of our transformation again, trailing down from generalist to specialist.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I also want to mention one thing, in addition to the automotive category, we should take a look at the services category, and how it has been really robust. For us its the second biggest billing category we have, and there was a ton of money. And it was up in the fourth quarter and it is up really big in first quarter and driving our numbers. So the goods and services category for us is on a low and a very impressive low.

Aaron Watts -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Okay. That's really helpful. Are you seeing any kind of bifurcation between local and national? Or are both trending relatively -- kind of evenly within the context of the guidance you gave?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

They are both trending relatively evenly. Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, Fiat, has moved to a new agency along with Chevy, and we expect to see quality results from the moves to these new agencies.

Aaron Watts -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

All right great. And maybe one more if I can. For Chris, bigger picture; as you look at the M&A pipeline and opportunities that may be ahead of you for this year, maybe you can just talk about what's in focus for Sinclair on both the station side? I don't know if you can comment on the latest on the regional sports networks or other opportunities you see maybe being out there for the company? Obviously you're sitting on a large cash balance and your leverage is -- as Lucy pointed out, historically low.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure thing Aaron. So we have participated in the last couple of processes around the TV broadcast side and they both -- net of going for multiples that were well above our price thresholds to other buyers. And so it's certainly nice to see a very robust M&A market for TV broadcast. I think that's going to have a knock-on effect here for the public players, since the private market is very robust, very high multiples being traded out.

And we'll continue to be active looking at future opportunities as they come up. We're just very disciplined right now on our multiples and what we're willing to play, and it just appears that others are willing to stretch more than us on the TV broadcast side.

On the RSN side we are ecstatic about our announcement with the Cubs. We obviously have -- well not obviously, but there has been reports about us having other opportunities in this space. I can't comment specifically on those reports, due to non-disclosure agreements we've signed. But there is a very unique moment in time here in the RSN space that we really like our positioning on.

At the end of the day, these RSNs represent the most watched programs on TV, and they're really super premium content with true scarcity value. You can't create more sports. You can create almost anything more of any other genre, including entertainment programming, as we've seen with the explosion of peak TV on the entertainment side and you can certainly create more news, though it has held up better in terms of scarcity value than entertainment. But the real -- most scarcest content at the end of the day is sports, and it's showing in the ratings. Sports overall has grown in ratings over the last eight years in linear television, and really the only thing that's even close to that is news, in terms of the strength. Everything else has suffered under fragmentation and increased supply.

So we think RSNs are highly complementary. They fit well with what we do on the broadcast side. They play on our strengths on distribution, production and ad sales, and as I said, we're ecstatic with what we've done with the Cubs and that's going to be a great addition for us, and we'll of course be very disciplined on value and look forward to seeing what opportunities may come our way.

Aaron Watts -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks Aaron.

Operator

We'll go next to Steven Cahall of Royal Bank of Canada.

Steven Cahall -- Royal Bank of Canada -- Analyst

Yeah, thank you. Maybe first if we could just drill down a little bit on your commentary around auto. So I think it's really interesting that you think it'll be up in 2019. I think a lot of forecasters are expecting deliveries to be down. So maybe if you could give us just a little bit more color on what's driving your commentary there? And then I have got a follow up on your share count outlook.

Steven M. Marks -- Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

I think we got a secret sauce on the automotive category. We've been out hiring people from the space. As our business changes, we have to change with the business. And we are essentially a technology company. We're out there tackling the technology and tackling the technology as it pertains to this category, and we're out hiring people that know the category, and we're hiring them and we're having these people call on the automotive business, and we're seeing the results of it. So it's a different strategy. Instead of hiring people that sell spots, we're hiring people that sell cars, and we're speaking the language better today than we've ever spoken the language, and we're bearing the results.

David Smith -- Chairman Of The Board

So to put it a little succinctly is, we're dealing directly at the tier-3 level, as well as the advertising agency. So we're saturating this category horizontally and vertically.

Steven Cahall -- Royal Bank of Canada -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for that. On the buyback just taking the guidance that you gave for 2019-2020 share count and doing some back of the envelope math, I'm getting to maybe 9%, 10% reduction in the share count. You did a big buyback in Q4. It seems like you have the capacity to go a lot higher than that. I know it's kind of dependent on what comes out on the M&A market. But until we hear something on M&A, how should we think about just really framing what you're going to look to do in the share repurchase market in the near-term? Thank you.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So we have -- since we announced the $1 billion buyback, we've almost done one-third of that in terms of total dollars and we've done so at an average price of around $29. So we're very happy with the results so far. We really took advantage of the weakness in Q1 to buy a lot of shares at a very attractive price. And so going forward, we're going to run it pretty similarly, in terms of looking to have an algorithm or the lower the share price goes the more gets bought. And we of course balance that as we always do with what's in the M&A pipeline. But as Lucy said, we have an incredibly strong balance sheet right now, so we have great flexibility.

Steven Cahall -- Royal Bank of Canada -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

We will move next Dan Kurnos of Benchmark Company.

Daniel Kurnos -- The Benchmark Company -- Analyst

Great, thanks. Maybe a little surprised you guys got FOX done so quickly. There was a lot of noise in the market. I don't know if you guys can share how that went, but it sounds like it was maybe smoother than it's been in the past. I don't know if they were asking for day parts or anything else since you guys already reaffirmed your net retrans trends. So any color there would be helpful. And then Chris, just kind of high level, obviously we talked about yesterday to a degree you guys had a lot of big announcements early this year on 3.0. You talked about getting 20 to 30 markets, but how much incremental beyond that are you investing toward monetization? How should we think about timing and timing -- potential timing around monetization, understanding that there's still a long way to go there?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So on FOX, I think maybe there was some noise, but the reality is, we had -- the stations that were renewed, we had effectively negotiated a market rate for only a year prior, or actually even less than a year prior. So they just came up again by virtue of Tribune not closing. So it was a relatively easy renewal, because we were already essentially at market via the previous agreement. So I think it's just sort of people speculating. And as we've always said, we go through this all the time with the networks, and the closer you are to market at the time of renewal, then the easier the discussion. The further away you are, then the harder the discussion. So that's why it got done relatively easily.

And I'm not sure what your comment is on day parts as it relates to the FOX, but nothing changed in terms of our standard deal that we have with them, in terms of what they supply. On 3.0 we had a big CES this year. Saankhya Labs debuted the first mobile chip, which as I mentioned in my comments is a global SKU. We had great meetings with potential OEMs to integrate that shift into a plethora of different products, and so that was very well received. We signed our joint venture with SK Telecom, which will start in earnest this year and start taking technology out of the Korean marketplace and commercializing it here in the U.S. market, which will create the network intelligence which is needed for this industry to operate as one network, as a wireless telecom company would operate. And SK is best-in-class in the world so we're just ecstatic to be officially partnered with them.

And then we also did an MOU with SK and Harman. And if you know anything about Harman, they are basically -- you drive a car, you probably are a Harman customer, and have their speakers and infotainment system in that car. And that's just an MOU at this point. We'll turn that -- we'll do some work and get that into a joint venture, so we can actually get going on an advanced automotive platform with those partners.

So the investment side of all this is not that significant. Of course it does show up in some of our spending this year. But overall, it's not a huge needle mover at this point. Mostly timing effort.

Daniel Kurnos -- The Benchmark Company -- Analyst

Thanks.

Operator

We will go next to Alexia Quadrani from JPMorgan.

David Karnovsky -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Hi, this is David Karnovsky on for Alexia. Just on the Marquee Sports Center, I know, tennis doesn't start till 2020, but can you talk at a high level your financial expectations for the JV and how this will get accounted for at Sinclair? And then, what's sort of the potential to create more partnerships like this with other sports teams?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So it will start in 2020 and on an annualized basis, we expect it to contribute about $40 million to $50 million of free cash flow, and it is a model for other partnerships going forward. That's definitely high on our mind, in terms of how we can create additional value. We love partnering directly with the teams and getting alignment of interest there, and in many regards, we're just -- we are a perfect match for any team who wants to do this, and so we'll certainly be looking for other opportunities and there will be some coming up in the years to come. They tend to come up as the contracts expire with the existing distributors. So it's something we're definitely keeping track of and looking forward to.

David Karnovsky -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Okay. And then just at a larger and potentially earlier Democratic primary, how are you thinking about what the political contribution in 2019 might be, relative to past odd years? And then for 2020, please walk us through the various deals, President, Senate, etcetera, that gives you confidence this could be your big year for political? Thanks.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I'll take the first one. Let me just give you the 2015 and 2017 -- 2015-2017 pro forma numbers. We did about-- a range of about $26 million to $32 million in both of those years, so we would expect that we should at least hit those numbers this year. Now just remember, because the Primaries don't start until the first quarter of 2020, any of that money is really going to be backloaded primarily into the fourth quarter.

Steven M. Marks -- Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

I will tell you, we like our chances on the political dollars. All you got to do is take a look at what goes on everyday, and to become -- the best TV show on the planet is watching politics. Every other day there's somebody joining the race. It really bodes well for local broadcasters. It's going to be quite a robust, I believe, fourth quarter in spending. And I think 2020, we're not going to be able to get out of the way of the money. It's going to be literally hand over fist. But hard to put a dollar figure on it, but it's going to be enormous.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So let me frame 2020 for you. If you compare our biggest presidential year, which was 2012 pro forma, we did $266 million that year. So we do expect to beat our biggest presidential year. And remember, there's a lot of big national issues that are out there. We've got a lot of people running already for the Democratic side a year in advance of the first Primary. And then remember, we are in all the key swing states in a big way, as well as we're in a lot of the state capitals.

David Smith -- Chairman Of The Board

It also speaks to our investment in our niche products and the 350 awards that Chris mentioned in the beginning of the call. So we're able to capitalize on those investments into our news hours.

David Karnovsky -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Operator

We'll go next to David Joyce at Evercore.

David Joyce -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst

If you could just provide some more color on the advanced advertising initiatives, where are you in the industry on the TIP initiative at this point? And are you going to continue working with the other station partners in the 3.0 rollout in those 20 to 30 markets? Is that part of the agreement for the consortium you're with? And are you using some partners for advertising and for testing as well? Thank you.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So on the TIP initiative, we founded that along with Nexstar and Tribune, it's really going great. We've picked up a lot of momentum. Other broadcasters have joined most recently, NBC, U (ph) and Telemundo joined. And also, we launched the first APIs between broadcasters and vendors for log times and several key vendors implemented those APIs. So the real promise here, is to be able to take the friction out of the system. We've been suffering under a structural problem in this industry, where it just -- the labor cost to buy our stations is way too high and TIP is aimed squarely at that. And it has that objective and it also has the objective of making sure that this is an open system, and we don't have to create a gatekeeper that essentially could charge outsized rents on the industry because that could also be an issue.

So we're very pleased with TIP. We're pleased with how it's grown from the start from three broadcasters to most of the industry at this point to the vendor participation and the progress we're making in terms of getting the APIs implemented.

On 3.0 we are -- we have an initial number of markets, as we mentioned 20 to 30, which have -- we have reached out to other broadcasters or rather Spectrum Co has done that to include as many as possible in those markets to transition, because the more the merrier in terms of doing a transition. Those are -- from a cooperation standpoint are pretty much ready to go. There is some delay coming out of the FCC around just getting the documents if you can believe that, to be able to file properly and move this forward. The FCC, I think will have those ready in Q2, which hopefully that will happen and then we can actually hit our target of rolling those markets out in 2019.

David Joyce -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst

Thank you very much.

Operator

We move next to Zack Silver with B. Riley FBR.

Zack Silver -- B.Riley FBR -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you for taking the question. First on the Cubs side JV, just what's different about Marquee versus something like, I guess now, Charter, Sportsnet L.A. which had I think similar publicized trouble getting distribution deals done out of the gate? And then related to that, did you say that you guys are going to consolidate the JV?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. I think it is going to end up being consolidated. The number I gave you before the $40 million to $50 million really is sort of a net benefit to us. But it will end up being consolidated, which will make the financials a little bit more complicated. But I want to just -- to give you folks the net benefit to us. And then in terms of comparing and contrasting to Sportsnet L.A., there's really I think three main points that I would highlight there. One is that, there was a very-very high sub-fee ask associated with Sportsnet L.A. that was essentially needed to make the financing work for the purchase of the Dodgers. So it was sort of a leveraged play. We don't have that situation here. We're not buying a team. We are not -- we don't have a huge ask on the table.

And then also the Cubs fan base is incredibly strong. Chicago, is a Cubs town. When you take a look at where they live right now, which is on a multisport RSN, they comprise well over half of the total ratings of that RSN, even though that RSN has four teams in total. So it just gives you an idea of the strength of the Cubs. And then furthermore, the fan base is not as diffused as it is in L.A. for the Dodgers. L.A. is a little bit more of a transient city. And then last but not least, there was no partner involved in L.A. Sportsnet with good distribution relationships. So that -- those are the three things I would highlight as to why this will be different.

Zack Silver -- B.Riley FBR -- Analyst

Got it. That's really helpful. And then just one follow-up if I could, sports related I guess. The sports betting category, I think some of your stations are in states where that is now legal. Do you guys -- is that baked into your guidance for core being up this year? And when might we see that becoming a more meaningful part of core advertising?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So it's not baked into our guidance at all. We haven't seen significant dollars -- we already do get dollars from casinos and the like, and it's not a huge category for us, but we do expect that categories to start to grow meaningfully. It just -- it hasn't really lined up on our portfolio yet. The estimates for the industry is, this is going to be an additional $1.5 billion to $2 billion category, which is a huge category for us in addition to what we already get from casinos. It is going to be a cave-by-cave or state-by-state, and the industry is not backing up the truck right now on advertising and just sort of slowly waiting their way in, but we do expect it to be a significant category, as this industry develops.

Zack Silver -- B.Riley FBR -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you very much.

Operator

We'll go next to Marci Ryvicker with Wolfe Research.

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Thank you. I am a very lonely White Sox fan, born and bred.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

That's fine. We won't hold anything against you, Marci.

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Thank you. So I just want to confirm the FOX deal. That includes the incremental NFL Thursday night, right? You're not paying a separate fee to them for that?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes, that's all included.

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Okay. And then, it sounds like embedded in your full year free cash flow guide, I know there's a lot of missing pieces that we sort of still need to go up to the revenue line. But from what Steve remarked, it sounds like you expect the core to be up and that's embedded in your guide. Or is the range assuming that it may be down slightly to up slightly?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

So in the free cash flow guide for the full year, it assumes that -- in that full range, that the core is up for the year.

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Okay, OK. And then Q4 distribution revenue, it came in I think a little bit lower than your guide. Was that a true-up? Or is there something going on with the subs or can you just give a little bit of color?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. Marci, there's a few things going on in that number, none of which by themselves are significant in any way. But we had -- there was one MVPD that had promotional discounts roll-off, and that caused their subs to decline, which then in turn causes everybody's subs to decline. There was another MVPD of that had multiple blackouts with other companies and again, as they lost subs, everybody loses them. And so then what happens is, because there is a lag on the reporting of all the sub numbers from these MVPDs, we haven't quite seen where those sub losses -- where they've migrated to and landed. We expect that we will have more intel, as the fourth quarter reports start coming in.

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Got it. And then can you remind us what percent of revenue and EBITDA may be attributable to your SLAs?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

So we have -- that information is all disclosed in the 10-K, the various financial points of the income statement. And we'll have the 10-K out March 1st.

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Thank you very much.

Operator

We'll go next to Kyle Evans with Stephens.

Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst

Hi, thanks. A little follow-up on the distribution from 4Q. Could you give sub count for the quarter, 2018, and kind of what's built into your assumption for the guide?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

So the sub count, I'll give you off-line. I don't have that here in front of me. But I think what you're trying to get to is really, what did we see in sub count change. So for the year, we saw sub counts decline low single-digit and a lot of that was due to the fourth quarter for the reasons that I just talked about, with the couple of the MVPDs, with the blackouts that they had, with others and promotional discounts roll-offs.

Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst

Okay. Will do that offline. On the 2012-2016 numbers that you were talking about for political, how much did presidential ad spend account for as a percent of total in 2012 and 2016?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

That one, we're going to probably have to take offline. That one I don't have it here with me. But we do have it though.

Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst

Okay. And then lastly, and I know you probably won't answer this one, but I was wondering if you guys would care to put some size brackets or growth brackets around the Compulse product? Thank you.

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

We're not going to disclose specifics around products. But it has been our fastest-growing digital vertical. So we are -- the targeted advertising space that will be a core part of ATSC 3.0 and STIRR and a number of our other digital initiatives is proving to be a quite robust market at very high CPM. So I think is the punchline for us. But we're not -- for competitive reasons, not going to disclose the specific number.

Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

We'll go next to Clay Griffin at Deutsche Bank.

Clay Griffin -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Hey guys, good morning. Just a quick one. I just noticed the $140 million of repack CapEx for the year. I'm just curious though, your total CapEx guide, what is -- is there an amount above and beyond the $140 million that's embedded in your full year, that's related to ATSC 3.0? And I guess the question being, as you look out after this transition, what does the outlook look like in terms of capital intensity for the core broadcast business? Thanks.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So embedded in the non-repack CapEx for 2019, there's about $10 million to $15 million related to the deployment of 3.0 in the 20 to 30 markets that we spoke about. And as I think about 2020 CapEx guide for the full year, non-repack, I think if you're in that sort of $100 million to $110 million range for non-repack CapEx, that should capture all the various items that we're doing.

Clay Griffin -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Okay, great. And then just, In terms of the $115 million in expenses related to revenue-generating initiatives, do you have a comparable number for full year 2018, or is that all incremental?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Can you repeat that one again?

Clay Griffin -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Right. The $115 million of full year media expense related to revenue-generating initiatives, do you have a comparable figure for full year 2018, just so we can see the growth in kind of those initiatives?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. But just give me a minute. I don't know if you have another question that you want to move on to.

Clay Griffin -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

It's OK. We can take it offline.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Okay.

Operator

(Operator Instructions). We'll move next to Davis Hebert at Wells Fargo Securities.

Davis Hebert -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. Just a couple for me; on the RSNs, I'm not sure what you can say on this, but I know you've talked about potentially using a partner, a financial partner in bidding for those channels. What would you say the probability of that is today versus using your own balance sheet?

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Look, I think for lots of different reasons, I'm not going to handicap that for you. But it is certainly a possibility and part of active discussions.

Davis Hebert -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Okay. And then secondly, I apologize if I missed it. But Lucy, do you have any sort of guidelines of year end net leverage, knowing that M&A could obviously impact that? But just curious if you had any number there?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

So net leverage, we would expect to be a little bit lower than where we ended 2018. So it's still with a three handle on it. But a little bit lower.

Davis Hebert -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

And that's net leverage, correct? On a LAQ (ph) basis?

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

That's on an eight quarter basis.

Davis Hebert -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Okay. Let me just back up for the question that Clay had, so the initiatives expenses in 2018 before One Media R&D, so not including that would've been about $70 million to $75 million.

Operator

And we have no other questions at this time.

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Okay. Thank you, operator. And we appreciate everyone joining our call this morning. If you have any questions, please feel free to give us a call. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. This does conclude today's teleconference. We thank you for your participation and you may disconnect your lines at this time, and have a great day.

Duration: 57 minutes

Call participants:

Lucy A. Rutishauser -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Billie-Jo McIntire -- Manager, Investor Relations

Christopher S. Ripley -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Steven M. Marks -- Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

Aaron Watts -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

David Smith -- Chairman Of The Board

Steven Cahall -- Royal Bank of Canada -- Analyst

Daniel Kurnos -- The Benchmark Company -- Analyst

David Karnovsky -- JP Morgan -- Analyst

David Joyce -- Evercore Group LLC -- Analyst

Zack Silver -- B.Riley FBR -- Analyst

Marci Ryvicker -- Wolfe Research LLC -- Analyst

Kyle Evans -- Stephens -- Analyst

Clay Griffin -- Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc -- Analyst

Davis Hebert -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

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This article is a transcript of this conference call produced for The Motley Fool. While we strive for our Foolish Best, there may be errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in this transcript. As with all our articles, The Motley Fool does not assume any responsibility for your use of this content, and we strongly encourage you to do your own research, including listening to the call yourself and reading the company's SEC filings. Please see our Terms and Conditions for additional details, including our Obligatory Capitalized Disclaimers of Liability.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Appian Posts Huge Software Subscription Growth in 2018

Shares of low-code software development platform Appian (NASDAQ:APPN) fell as much as double-digits after the company reported full-year 2018 results and an initial outlook on 2019. However, the small company is still very much in growth mode, and shares have more than doubled since their public debut in 2017 -- even after the recent drop. With demand for low-code services still on the rise, this pullback could be the opportunity some investors were waiting for to pull the trigger.

The year in review

Appian's results have been riding on subscription-based services growth, based primarily on the company's easy-to-use, cloud-based software-building platform for big organizations. In the fourth quarter, the segment surged 44% higher compared to a year ago, sharpening Appian's focus on this more reliable and higher-profit margin business. In addition, subscription revenue retention was 117%, implying that existing customers are spending more with Appian over time.

Metric

Full-Year 2018

Full-Year 2017

Change (YOY)

Subscription revenue

$115.7 million

$82.8 million

40%

Total revenue

$226.7 million

$176.7 million

28%

Gross profit margin

62.5%

63.5%

(1.0 ppt)

Operating expenses

$188.5 million

$144.0 million

31%

Adjusted earnings (loss) per share

($0.54)

($0.30)

N/A

Data source: Appian. YOY = year over year. Ppt = percentage point.

The fourth-quarter numbers were an acceleration on full-year results, but the 2018 was a big success for the company. CEO Matt Calkins said Appian ended the year with 38 customers that spend at least seven figures each year, a 58% increase from the 2017 number of customers at this spending level.

Though Appian still runs at a loss -- even when backing out share-based compensation and other one-time items -- the company ended the year on solid footing. Cash and equivalents were at $95 million, a $21 million year-over-year increase thanks in large part to the sale of 2 million new shares issued last August. The deal slightly diluted existing shareholders, but the infusion provides a couple years' worth of operating cash as Appian keeps its foot on the gas to maximize growth.

Three office workers gathered around a computer displaying charts.

Image source: Getty Images.

A growth story in the making

Appian is still the only low-code software stock out there for investors who want to bet on the technology. The company helps enterprise customers "draw" their app and get it up and running in a matter of weeks or months. Given how quickly the world is transitioning to digital first, the need for low-code, automated software engineering looks like it will only increase. Calkins shared a number of success stories about customers, including a credit card company, an insurance broker, and an Italian postal logistics provider; but this one about a manufacturing outfit stuck out as illustrating the power of low-code particularly well:

We signed a major manufacturing company as a new customer in the fourth quarter. This Fortune 100 firm picked us over a major competitor because the customer specifically wanted a recognized leader in low-code. They needed to replace a legacy system for managing premium brake requests, which are triggered when products or components need to be shipped outside their standard operating procedures. An Appian partner successfully built this application in six weeks to support a 4,000-person division, including executives who will approve requests using their mobile devices. The customer expects the application to save them $9 million to $10 million in the first year. 

That combination of time and money savings could propel Appian higher for years to come, and management's outlook for 2019 backs that up. However, as with any high-octane endeavor, the future is of far more importance than the past. Thus, some investors chose to fret over management's call for "only" 28% to 30% subscription sales growth, a drop from the 40% posted in 2018.

However, the management team has a history of being modest with guidance and then beating it. For example, the 2018 outlook given a year ago was also for about 30% subscription growth, which the company handily bested all year. It's possible a repeat is in the works.

Nevertheless, volatility-averse investors may still want to steer clear of Appian stock; the fact that the company is running at a loss -- even on an adjusted basis -- can cause some wild up-and-down moves. For those looking to hold for a long time, though, Appian's end-of-year report had plenty of good news in it.

Monday, February 25, 2019

The Debt Ceiling Deadline Is Just Days Away – Here's How to Protect Yourself

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debt ceiling deadlineWhile the government shutdown was painful for hundreds of thousands of Americans, the looming debt ceiling deadline, just days away, threatens to be much worse.

The debt ceiling deadline is March 1, 2019, just one week from today.

Here's how we got here…

A partial government shutdown began on Dec. 22. The catalysts were a failure by Congress and the president to agree on a budget. By the time it was even partially over, it had stretched into the longest shutdown of the U.S. government in the history books.

During the shutdown, nine executive departments were either completely or partly closed. That includes 800,000 government employees. Workers defined as essential were required to report to work as usual, even though they weren't paid until the shutdown ended.

YOU KNOW IT IN YOUR GUT: Look at how things are going. Financial turmoil is coming just around the corner, maybe just a few months away. Click here…

That closed about a fourth of the government's activities, from food inspection to national parks.

According to the Council of Economic Advisers, economic growth can shrink 0.13% for every single week the government isn't open. Kevin Hassett, the White House chief economist, indicated that they forecasted 0% growth in gross domestic product for the duration of the government shutdown.

But unfortunately, the looming debt ceiling crisis could be even more problematic…

What a Debt Ceiling Crisis Means for the Economy

All of that was not good. But as we said up top, there's a potentially even bigger crisis coming.

Every couple of years, Congress votes to hike spending limits that it has imposed on itself. In other words, it raises the debt ceiling. The debt ceiling is the maximum borrowing that the U.S. government will allow. In theory, it is supposed to rein in debt spending and keep U.S. government debt overall without limits.

But the theory goes by the wayside if Congress just decides to pass legislation raising the ceiling.

Right now, the U.S. debt in the aggregate just surpassed $22 trillion. And just like in a household, the more debt is owed, the more interest racks up. Overall, the levels become unsustainable.

Ultimately, if Congress keeps doing this, it will create a borrowing crisis as well. If Congress can't pay its debt service, lenders will start to view it about as favorably as banks view folks who can't pay their debt.

The debt ceiling is going to be a big deal in Washington, D.C., come March…

Join the conversation. Click here to jump to comments…

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Infinera (INFN) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript

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Image source: The Motley Fool.

Infinera (NASDAQ:INFN) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference CallFeb. 21, 2019 5:00 p.m. ET

Contents: Prepared Remarks Questions and Answers Call Participants Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Welcome to the fourth-quarter year 2018 investment community conference call of Infinera Corporation. [Operator instructions] Today's call is being recorded. If anyone has any objections, you may disconnect at this time. I would now like to turn the call over to Mr.

Jeff Hustis of Infinera, investor relations. Jeff, you may begin.

Jeff Hustis -- Investor Relations

Welcome to Infinera's fourth quarter and fiscal year 2018 conference call. A copy of today's earnings and CFO commentary are available on the investor relations section of our website. Additionally, this call is being recorded and will be available for replay from the website. Today's call will include projections and estimates that constitute forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements about our business, plans, produce and strategy, statements about the acquisition of Coriant, integration plans and synergies, as well as statements regarding our first quarter outlook.

These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause Infinera's results to differ materially from management's current expectations. Actual results may differ materially as a result of various risk factors, as included in our most recently filed 10-Q as well as the earnings release and CFO commentary furnished with our 8-K filed today. Please be reminded that all statements are made as of today, and Infinera undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this call. Today's conference call includes certain non-GAAP financial measures pursuant to Regulation G, Infinera has provided a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in its fourth quarter and fiscal-year 2018 earnings release and CFO commentary.

I will now turn the call over to our Chief Executive Officer Tom Fallon.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us on our fourth-quarter 2018 conference call. Joining me today are: CFO Brad Feller, and COO David Heard. I'll start with our Q4 financial performance and then provide a status update on the integration of Coriant and the outlook for the new Infinera. Overall, I was encouraged by our performance in Q4 as revenue exceeded our expected range and gross margin was at the high end.

Non-GAAP revenue of $337 million was driven by strength in bookings from the combined customer base. I was particularly pleased that bookings from traditional Coriant customers rebounded significantly in Q4 after a noted pause in Q3 due to the announced acquisition. With a fast start, our integration execution, I believe our customers are now much more comfortable with our consolidated roadmap and are making network decisions based on combined strength of our broad portfolio. Now I will reiterate the goals of our Coriant acquisition and why I feel confident with both the long-term merits of the deal and the significant progress to date.

When we announced the acquisition, we did so with the commitment to achieve three key objectives: First, achieve significant cost synergies from -- synergies to deliver a profitable business in the near term; second, increase scale from expanded customer traction with Tier 1s and ICPs that allows the investment needed to win in the market and grow the top line; and third, leverage the vertical integration of our differentiated optical engine over a broad end-to-end solutions portfolio as a cornerstone of a differentiated business model. Starting with an update on realizing cost synergies. In Q4, we made considerable progress in driving down cost of the combined companies. Of note, with a focus on expense management, we have reduced non-GAAP operating expense of the company combined by 10% from the first half of 2018 to the second half.

This was a reduction of $30 million and demonstrates the speed and decisiveness with which we are making the necessary hard decisions. As of the end of Q4, we had notified over 450 members of the workforce, or more than 10% of our population, that their jobs will be eliminated. As a combined entity, reducing the cost of redundant positions is a necessary priority. In January, we announced our decision to close our manufacturing site in Berlin sometime in late 2019.

We are executing plans to move this work to a variable cost model with a low-cost global contract manufacturing partner, further reducing our workforce significantly. We have successfully completed specific supplier agreements that will positively impact our cost structure through the year. And on the functional side, the management team is in place, the sales team is integrated, and we remain locked on track to have an integrated ERP in Q3 of this year. With our current committed plans, we see overall savings exceeding the $100 million that we committed for 2019, and expect at least $250 million of total synergies by the end of 2021 as we leverage our vertical integration capability.

Brad will provide more details on the timing and magnitude of these savings and the bottom-line progress over the coming quarters in his commentary. On the second key objective of expanded customer traction, I will highlight some of the opportunities we are seeing with the combined portfolio. Since the close of the acquisition, I have spent a significant amount of time meeting with customers, and my enthusiasm for the combination continues to grow. With Tier 1 customers, I believe we are in a strong position to preserve and ultimately expand our business with Coriant's largest historic customers.

In Q4, our corporate bookings were up significantly from Q3, and orders from traditional Coriant products returned to expected levels. There are three common themes that I hear from service provider customers around the world. First, our end-to-end portfolio is impressive, from core optical innovation to leading automation and this aggregated packet solutions at the edge. These customers are looking for an at-scale innovator that has a complete set of solutions today and the financial capacity necessary to continue to invest in the technologies that drive down their CAPEX and OPEX.

Second, our new level of scale is important. We are now viewed as large enough to play a meaningful role in their move forward network plans, and we were not before. And third, the timing is ideal as bandwidth continues to grow and the competitive landscape, with increasing concerns on network security, creates a market opening for us to be a leading end-to-end solution provider. While opportunities take time to develop and are expected to ramp throughout 2019, there are concrete examples of success to date that are worth mentioning.

First, our relationship with Verizon continues to expand strategically. In 2018, Infinera was chosen to expand its embedded DTN express network by filling in network gaps and enhancing network automation capabilities. Ultimately, enabling rapid end-to-end service activation. Additionally, based on the SDN automation capabilities enabled by our Transcend software suite and long-term position in the network, Verizon selected Infinera to lead a major network migration project that will pave the way for greater efficiency and broader automation in Verizon's next-generation network.

In EMEA, our relationship with Vodafone continues to expand as we were selected for a subsea opportunity with ICE4. For a long-term partner of both Coriant and Infinera, this is Vodafone's first deployment of our newest optical engine that delivers leading spectral efficiency to the market. In addition to strengthening our position with current customers, the combined company is also creating a strong base of new customers around the world. Some highlights include: In LatAm, as announced last week, we won and deployed in Q4 a significant mTera network with a national carrier in Mexico.

This was a nationwide 51-site network that was accomplished in just 10 weeks, demonstrating the ease of implementation of our solution over an existing competitor's WDM infrastructure and the capability of our global professional services team. This is one of 13 new mTera customer in 2018. In 2018, we added over 100 new customers, 19 that accounted for $1 million or more of revenue. Plenty of these -- three of these customers were added in Q4 alone.

In 2018, driven by our new XT-3600 and DTN-X upgrade, we had 39 new ICE4 customers with 12 being added in Q4. ICE4 continues to set the benchmark for spectrum efficiency and is leading our resurgence in the subsea market. In Q4, we were awarded our first consortium opportunity, and we also achieved our first MAREA cable win with a major ICP. The group platform continues to be well received by the market, and now out from the -- under the cloud of private equity ownership, branding into a number of significant opportunities.

In 2018, 23 new customers selected the group, and platform revenue grew by 90% year over year. On the ICP front, we've been invited to several new opportunities with the combined portfolio, in particular, with the group, but also with ICE4 per subsea. Our pipeline of opportunities is exceptional with significant decisions that will be made over the next couple of quarters. While we continue to be in the early phase of the new combined company, I see the opportunity we envisioned beginning to materialize.

With our now complete end-to-end portfolio and differentiated instant network business model, our current customers want us to be successful and new customers are inviting to bid on opportunities with deployments planned in the second half of the year. With respect to our third key objective of the acquisition, vertical integration across the portfolio, we are on track and making progress. Earlier this week, we announced an updated and expanded vision of the new Infinera, which we refer to as the Infinite Network. The Infinite Network represents both the unification of our solutions and is an innovative end-to-end network architecture, designed to enable our customers to address the challenges of emerging new services like 5G, DAA and cloud-based business services.

This new architectural framework will guide our investment strategy going forward. The expectation of the $300 million annual R&D investment will be to deliver differentiated value to our customers through optical performance network leadership and service delivery efficiency. On the network scalability side, our 600-gig solution will enter the market by the end of this quarter. At OFC, we'll be sharing some of the industry leading results we were seeing in customer networks.

We announced our specific plans for the release of our 800-gig ICE-based solution, and we'll have a live demonstration of the 800-gig pick at OFC in March. We remain on track to begin deploying our 800-gig ICE6 across our portfolio in 2020, a core element of our acquisition and synergy strategy. On the service enablement front, we are also making significant progress. This quarter, our disaggregated rather solution, the DRX will be generally available.

This is a disruptive solution that is optimized to support 5G and DAA networks, and has aligned with the open networking business such as those promoted by companies like AT&T. We continued investments of our Transcend SDN-based networking automation solutions, currently deployed our in-acceptance testing at 16 customers and being evaluated to address more than 20 additional customer opportunities. We expect that these solutions will enable our customers to more easily launch new revenue-generating services. In summary, our financial plan for FY '19 remains on track.

Looking into the first quarter, we see customer spending patterns, as predicted, except for a significant North America customer that very recently shifted their buying plans from heavily weighted in the first half to more linear through the year. Taking to purchase patterns, order activity and opportunities we are seeing in aggregate, we expect revenue and gross margin expansion throughout the year and continue to see $1.4 billion or greater in revenue for 2019. We also expect expense reductions to continue as well, leading to non-GAAP profitability in Q4. We ended 2018 with $269 million in cash.

We anticipate our cash balance will decline in 2019 as we progress, and we'll bottom out at approximately $175 million mid-year as our cash consumption rates decline significantly in Q1, and then slower rates in Q2 and Q3 before turning positive in Q4. As we work through our integration plan, our confidence is growing that we will achieve our goals around customer growth, vertical integration, and financial results. The demand environment appears healthy, and the competitive environment, whether due to growing network security concerns or general industry consolidation is favorable. Longer-term, given our unique vertical approach and greatly enhanced scale, we accept -- expect to see a transformed company with a materially more promising set of opportunities ahead of us.

The employees and leadership team of the New Infinera are committed to capitalizing i this opportunity, and we look forward to sharing our in-depth plans at an Analyst Day to be scheduled in Q2. With that, I'll now turn the call over to Brad to go over the financial results.

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Tom. And good afternoon, everyone. Today, I will discuss Q4 highlights for the New Infinera, provide our outlook for Q1, and share some updated color on our outlook for 2019. The detailed recap of our Q4 result is available on the CFO commentary on our Investor Relations website.

In Q4, non-GAAP revenue was $337 million, above the high-end of our guidance range, driven by overall strong momentum, including a customer requested acceleration of a large new opportunity into the fourth quarter from Q1. Our first quarter for the New Infinera was solid as several large Coriant customers resumed spending, and we closed on new business opportunities from both sides of the portfolio. Regarding margins, non-GAAP gross margin in Q4 was 31.9%, at the high-end of our guidance range of 28% to 32%. This result was achieved due to a favorable mix of business in the quarter, including improved margins in the former Coriant business, along with higher levels of Instant Bandwidth licenses late in the quarter.

As we knew at the time of the deal and discussed during the last earnings call, the inclusion of the Coriant business cost structure had a significant negative initial impact on our margin levels. During the fourth quarter, we took several actions, which will benefit our gross margin levels and put us ahead of our committed cost reduction targets included in the integration synergy plan. First, we began renegotiations and closed on new agreements with key suppliers based on our stronger relationships and increased scale. This process will take multiple quarters to complete.

We are seeing 20% to 35% cost reductions from our suppliers in certain cases. Additionally, we took actions to lower our fixed cost infrastructure via headcount reductions, and initiated structural changes which will allow us to move to a more variable cost model going forward. Finally, we combined the pricing approval processes into one controlled global process, enabling us to drive pricing consistency across all accounts, reevaluating previously entered into low margin deals, and scrutinizing new investment deals. This discipline will enable a balanced approach of maximizing margin on deals while also allowing us to be aggressive on the right opportunities.

With these actions and combined with our overall integration plan, we remain confident in our ability to improve gross margin throughout the year. With the synergy path we are on and the expectations of vertical integration in 2020, we believe we can achieve mid-40s gross margin in 2021. Turning to OPEX, non-GAAP operating expenses were $141.7 million in Q4, slightly above the midpoint of our guidance. This result reflected a significant reduction from the pre-acquisition levels.

During the quarter, we took actions to further drive down the run rate of expenses, including implementing certain headcount reductions late in the quarter, which will benefit us more in the first quarter of 2019 and beyond, initiating a detailed plan to complete rationalization of our global real estate footprint and drive out cost of our business that will begin to flow through during Q2. And pulling together and eliminating duplication of spend across the company, allowing us to drive efficiencies with our new scale. In Q4, on a non-GAAP basis, we had a net operating loss of 10.2% and a net loss of $0.25 per share. Both metrics were better than ever guidance despite the negative impacts on the bottom line due to significant FX movements related to the Coriant side of the business.

Looking ahead, we are making good progress in driving the initiatives which I believe will lead to a significantly differentiated financial profile for the new Infinera. These improvements will continue to provide incrementally positive benefits throughout the year. And combined with the growing top line, will enable us to exit the year with a profitable Q4. In Q1, our industry tends to be seasonally down as customers take much of the quarter to finalize their capital budgets.

For us, we had the large deal which shifted into Q1 from the first quarter of 2019, and recently had one of our largest customers tell us they intend to change their order pattern from being predominately first half-focused to being more evenly spread throughout the year. While we don't expect this to have an impact for the full year, we do see an impact to our Q1 outlook. While we see a strong upward trend in orders and opportunities, we currently expect revenue in the first quarter of 2019 to be $310 million plus or minus $10 million. This represents a decrease of 8% sequentially versus a more typical 15% seasonal decline in our industry in Q1.

Furthermore, the pipeline remain strong into Q2 and beyond, and we have continued confidence in our full-year 2019 outlook. To put this all into perspective, on the October earnings call, we stated that we expected $325 million in revenue in Q4 2018, and expected Q1 2019 to be at least flat, implying combined total revenue for the two quarters of $650 million. Based on our Q4 2018 actual revenue of $337 million and our guide of $310 million for Q1 2019, we are in line with our previous expectations, even without factoring in the impact of the linearization of orders from the large customers, mentioned before. This is actually a very solid result.

During Q1 of 2019, we expect gross margin to be approximately 31%, down slightly sequentially. While the underlying cost structure of our business is improving as a result of actions to eliminate fixed cost infrastructure and renegotiate supplier contracts. This is offset by approximately $2 million of additional headcounts in the new year due to the reset of bonus, payroll taxes and other benefits, as well as a $5 million-plus impact of having to absorb fixed cost across lower revenue in the quarter. We expect our cost initiatives and flow-through impact at higher revenue levels to provide a step function increase in gross margin for Q2 and for the remainder of the year.

On operating expenses, the benefit of the restructuring actions we took in the fourth quarter, and our ongoing focus on cost control, will allow us to absorb $9 million of incremental expenses related to the reset of bonus, payroll taxes and other benefits. Even with this increase, we anticipate non-GAAP operating expenses in the first quarter to decline to approximately $138 million plus or minus $3 million. Putting it altogether, we currently project a non-GAAP operating loss of approximately 13.5% for the first quarter. Below the line, we currently expect interest and other expense to be approximately $2 million.

With respect to tax, we expect tax expense for the near term to be approximately $3 million to $4 million per quarter. In Q1, we currently projected non-GAAP net loss of $0.27 per share, plus or minus $0.02, with the GAAP results significantly lower, due primarily to the amortization of intangibles, stock-based compensation and integration costs. On October 1, we closed the acquisition of Coriant, paying $154 million in cash and issuing 21 million shares valued at $130 million, for an adjusted purchase price of $284 million. This is lower than the previously announced $430 million purchase price due to cash deductions from the purchase price and decreases in the stock value in between sign and close.

After paying the cash to close the deal on the first day of the fourth quarter, we had $342 million of cash on the balance sheet. After making significant investments during the fourth quarter to drive synergies, pay-for-deal cost and pay down some past due payables inherited from Coriant, we exited the year with $269 million of cash and investments on the balance sheet. In Q1, we expect to continue to invest in the business and integration, which will cause us to utilize some additional cash, though expect cash consumption in Q1 to be lower than Q4 by about 50%, and expect the rate to continue to decline over the course of the year such that it will begin generating cash in Q4. We have begun the process of driving down our DSOs to allow us to turn our cash quicker, and also have developed plans which will allow us to decrease our inventory levels by 10% over the course of the year.

While we remain confident that we have sufficient cash to make the right investments to transform the business, as we move forward, we have work streams in process to increase our liquidity cushion, which we intend to announce in future quarters. For 2019, we continue to be excited about the opportunity of the combined company. In relation to revenue, this stems from positive ongoing conversations with customers and their view about what the new Infinera brings to the table as a hungry innovator with an end-to-end portfolio. I expect us to continue the momentum of new wins we experienced in the fourth quarter across multiple end markets and geographies.

My expectation for 2019 continues to be that we will achieve revenue of $1.4 billion or greater, which based on the implied Q4 run rate, provides ample scale for a profitable business going forward, with a further material step-up in profitability expected in 2020. For gross margin, we will continue to make changes to drive an efficient cost structure and continue to partner with our key suppliers to enable them to support us in approaching bigger opportunities in a more profitable way. In addition, as we have always stated, Infinera's margin improves as customers add capacity, be it line cards and Instant Bandwidth licenses. As we have deployed a significant amount of IB-enabled hardware over the last several years, this will provide a substantial opportunity for margin expansion over time.

As we move through the year, we expect 100 to 200 basis points of improvements each quarter, allowing us to exit the year with gross margins in the mid-30s. Although this is still well below what we think is ultimately achievable going forward, we see this as the start of a significant transformation in year one. In relation to operating expenses, a we took our first significant headcount reduction actions in Q4 of 2018, we are seeing the benefit in Q1. We expect to continue the execution -- to execute on our integration and restructuring plan over the course of the year, which will allow us to continually -- continue to gradually take down the expense levels, exiting the year on an approximately $130 million per quarter run rate.

We continue to anticipate that over the course of 2019, as we drive the synergies and gain traction in the market, the result should steadily improve, allowing us to achieve non-GAAP profitability and cash generation in the fourth quarter of this year. In summary, during our first full quarter as a combined company, we made significant progress, which demonstrates that we are on track with the integrations and the transformation of the company. We look forward to continuing to update you on our further progress as the year goes on. With that, let's start the question-and-answer portion of the call. 

Questions and Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] And our first question will come from Rod Hall of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Unknown speaker

Thanks. This is Balaji on behalf of Rod. Maybe I'll start with the large customers that you've called out in terms of the linearization of their orders. If you could give us some more detail on whether this large customer came from your legacy business, or is this a Coriant customer? And then maybe also size.

What the magnitude of that impact of Q1 would have been? And then just in terms of what gives you confidence that the business is going to come back through the rest of the year? Any commentary there will be helpful.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. So certainly. In regard to the customer, it was a traditional Infinera customer. It was a large North America cable customer.

And I am -- feel very confident that it was not a change of their yearly plan, but it was an articulated plan that they decided to distribute their capital purchases from the front half of the year very significantly to more linear through the year. I have every belief that their overall purchase plan this year is identical to what it was. They continue to expand networks, so we continue to be in a very good spot with them. In regard to my confidence in regard to the year-end bookings, first of all, Q4 bookings were quite good, both from current customers from the Infinera side, the Coriant side, and also new customers.

We grew backlog fairly significantly in Q4. We also will grow backlog in Q1. A number of the orders that we received in Q4 were actually for newbuilds. That's good news and bad news.

In the long-term, it's great news, but it takes a while to roll out some of those new builds. Those new builds will fill, but we don't get to have revenue right away. So when I look at the back log we grew in Q4, the number of new customers we won, the number of significant new opportunities that we have won or in contract with, the growing backlog in Q1, and our pipeline of opportunities, it's really quite significant. I'm very comfortable with that picture.

And I will make one more point, and it's in Brad's script. We had a significant customer pull in from Q1. When we talked back in Q4. We looked across the horizon of Q4 and Q1, and said, this is what our business profile looks like.

The business profile versus what we saw in October comes out exactly the same when you add them up, and it doesn't include the fact that we had a significant slip out from one of our cable customers. So if anything, I'm more optimistic on the pipeline today than when I made the comment in Q4.

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

And Balaji, just to address the second part of your question, the impact of that change that Tom talked about is somewhere in the neighborhood of about $20 million in Q1.

Unknown speaker

Got it. And could I just clarify, is that significant pull in that you talked about for Q4, is that the same customer?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

No.

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

No, it's not.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

That was an international customer that had the pull in. We had it scheduled for Q1. They made a request to pull it into December. And we did, of course.

Unknown speaker

Of course. And maybe just one more longer-term question on the 800G announcement. It seems like the Ciena 800G product will be available in the second half of this year. But is -- what's your take on that? How do you feel about your competitive position?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

I'm going to start talking about our position. Our position, I am very comfortable that we're going to bring 800-gig to market. We're going to show the PIC at OFC, our PIC transmitting lasers. We're going to have, as we announced, our DSP available in Q3 and our fundamental DCO working by the end of this year.

That said, we will bring product to market sometime in the middle of next year. I believe our ICE architecture will perform a step function in capability of performance similar to what ICE4 did to the industry. ICE4 today continues to be the leading DSP when it comes to spectral efficiency and optical performance. We're well on our way to, I think, changing the game.

The fact that we are roughly lining up as a leader in 800-gig, I think, is superb testament to the cadence we've said we are changing regarding bringing technology to market. In regard to what Ciena announced, I have no comment on what their plans are. I will encourage you to go and poke very hard at us and hope -- poke hard at them at OFC and to see what's really going to come to market. I feel comfortable.

We think we are roughly going to be one of the first to market with 800-gig.

Unknown speaker

Got it. Thanks a lot.

Operator

Our next question comes from Meta Marshall of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Meta Marshall -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Great. Thanks. I just wanted to -- I think in the past you've kind of talked about between Coriant and you guys, there were -- of the delayed purchases from the Coriant side, around 70% were from customers where there was no overlap with Infinera, and then 30% was where there was overlap. And just as you circle up with those customers, is there any change in the discussion between ones where they were Infinera customers versus ones where they weren't and maybe getting comfortable with you? And then maybe just on the second question, as far as figuring out what the go-forward portfolio will look like, has -- have all of those decisions been made? Or is that something that is still TBD?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

I will answer the first part, and then ask David Heard to answer the second one. On the first part, the slowdown was vastly from traditional Coriant customers. When somebody is buying your supplier and you are making decisions that you expect to have in your network for a very, very long time, they want to feel comfortable that you're actually committed to those platforms. As I said, I have spent an inordinate amount of time on the road talking to customers.

We are -- we saw a huge resurgence from the customers who had paused, coming back in a significant way in Q4. The Coriant bookings, in particular, were exceptionally strong, getting back to the anticipated levels for Q4. I do believe that pause was created by the fact that we announced this in July, and we couldn't close -- didn't close until October 1, and that created a period of uncertainty. That uncertainty period is over.

David, can you comment on the road map?

David Heard -- Chief Operating Officer

Yes. I think it's related. So I think you see that resurgent based on a clear road map. I think just to reiterate, when we announced the transaction, the product overlap was very, very small given the thesis of vertical integration.

It was 15%. So I think once they saw our forward road map going forward, saw what little impact it had on their existing embedded base, we saw those purchase orders released. There was not a differentiation between existing customers from one side or from Coriant legacy from one side to the other. I will tell you, it was nice to see the Tier 1 customers at the table, not only releasing purchase orders for their current products but planning their long-term road map with us.

Meta Marshall -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Got it. Thanks. Maybe just circling back on the first one. Have you seen a resurgence in orders for customers where there was kind of an overlap, not product overlap but just where both you and Coriant were previously competing?

David Heard -- Chief Operating Officer

I think again, what we've seen is because we've made the portfolio clear, we're involved in a number of our RFPs, RFQs, RFIs and pipeline where we're bringing together the power of both portfolios.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Meta, are you asking if there's revenue dis-synergies because we are a customer of both -- or supplier to both?

Meta Marshall -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Yes, that is -- yes.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, OK. You should just ask it that way. It got me confused. We are just not seeing much impact from dis-synergies, Meta.

Even when we had -- there's a very small number of customer overlaps. Even when we had customer overlaps, they were typically in different parts of the network. So we are just not seeing much -- some dis-synergies in these customers.

David Heard -- Chief Operating Officer

Of significant customers, I think, we announced at the transaction time, there were four that we had any significant overlap. And factually from those four, we're not seeing any dis-synergy.

Meta Marshall -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

OK. Great. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Alex Henderson of Needham. Please go ahead.

Alex Henderson -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

All right. Thank you very much. It seems pretty clear that the overall optical telecoms space is in very good shape. But could you run through some of the segments and talk about what you're seeing in terms of broad industry demand getting away from the company-specific stuff a little bit to sort of metro core of U.S., Europe? What are you seeing in subs, are you seeing [Inaudible] high? Any color around your penetration of those with the Coriant-integrated Infinera platform? And by the way, just before I get hand off to that -- to answer that question, congratulations on getting that ICE5 out ahead of schedule.

So it's really hard to pull off.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Alex, thanks for the comments. I'll give you some color on what I see in the market, and then if David or Brad want to add in. We are seeing, as you said, a healthy environment in general. I'll talk about a couple of the areas that we are particularly seeing opportunity in.

In APAC, we had a very strong Q4, winning not only a lot of dollars but a couple of very substantive new franchise wins that I think will bring a substantive business to us. One was on the classic Coriant side. One was on the classic Infinera side. So we're seeing good traction in APAC.

I think that there's a ton more opportunity in APAC to go and attack. We are attacking that, and I'm hoping that we can make more announcements this year. It's an important segment. In EMEA, our new position is we're of substantive size in EMEA now.

It's almost $0.5 billion this year. It's -- we're well-positioned. We continue to win a significant number of metro opportunities. As I mentioned, we cracked more into Vodafone.

We continue to be very, very well-positioned with Telefónica, both for the legacy technologies but also moving forward as they prepare for more of the 5G types of rollouts. So I think our new disaggregated IP solutions are wonderful. I'm really pumped up about our approach to that. Yes, we're entering into this market without something to protect.

The world wants to move to a disaggregated IP type of approach and we're not protecting anything. So we can play offense in that space, and they want somebody to play offense in that space. I think they view us as a thought leader. We see a lot of opportunity down in LatAm, both in Mexico and the rest of LatAm.

One of the strongest areas we see is in subsea. Our ICE4 continues to win. We won a couple of very substantive deals in Q4, both MAREA as a benchmark of performance. That's going to, I think, open up other doors with ICPs and other people putting capacity on MAREA.

We won our first consortium deal, which is a big deal for us because not only did we win the consortium, but we now have an in to all those consortium members to go and talk about our leadership in technology. So I think that there's a lot of commentary on data center. I think data center interconnect continued to be a strong market. We've done well there.

We continue to have a lot of opportunities. I see a lot of opportunities, quite frankly, for our 600-gig Groove in the ICP space. We're in a number of RFQs right now. And I think that it's too early to say if we're going to win or not, but they were certainly hunting.

They like the Groove. They like the Groove particularly now that it's owned by a non-private equity enterprise. So I do see some very good opportunities across the landscape, Alex, to be candid.

Alex Henderson -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

If you could just quantify that a little bit. Do you think that '19 optical globally is going to be at the same rates of '18, stronger than '18, slightly weaker than '18? What was your...

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

It's hard to say, Alex. I think we look at all the forecast. The predictions are anywhere from 2% to 6%. I think certainly, it's going to be 2% to 6%, whether it's bigger than that or not.

But partly, my take is that how big is the market is growing with our new position, and we're going to go take market share. That's what we're going to go and do. And I think with our new technology and our new portfolio, we are well-positioned to do that. So I think the -- in a growing environment, it's easier to grow.

We plan on growing with the market but also taking on market share opportunities.

Alex Henderson -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Great.

David Heard -- Chief Operating Officer

Alex, if it's helpful, I'm going to add just two comments to that because along with the size of the market and the fact that subsea is kind of the proving ground for optical performance, and we're making lots of traction there, and we see very strong growth this year. I'd say even stronger than last year in subsea. In long haul, we continue to see growth in the marketplace. Now there are new insertion opportunities though that help us, new insertion strategies, one of which is that you start to see this open environment with open eyes.

We're able to insert our technologies into these. Now with the global footprint so expanded, it provides us new opportunities in those core markets. On the edge, we really never had the scale to leverage embedded base there. The scale of, for example, 8600 that's providing mobile front-haul capability for 3G, 4G and 5G capable given the latency requirement and sync requirements on the network, we have 300,000 embedded locations there to be able to grow from and a new product portfolio that brings that all together.

So I don't think it's just the market growth that we feel good about but the proof point behind what's your ability to now take share. Well, embedded base is certainly something I've learned in this industry over my career is an important element to make that happen.

Alex Henderson -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Thanks, David.

Operator

Our next question comes from Christian Schwab of Craig-Hallum Capital Group. Please go ahead.

Christian Schwab -- Craig-Hallum Capital Group -- Analyst

Grreat. Thanks for taking my question. As we look to 2019 and the guidance for the year, can you talk about how much is under contract and backlog and the pipeline of opportunities? I know you discussed a significant uptick in opportunities in Tier 1 and ICP, so let me ask the direct question, if you can quantify that opportunity. And how much success do you need in that pipeline to drive $1.4 billion plus in revenue? Or is that potentially upside to that expectation?

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So the good news is the first two buckets being backlog going into 2019 is stronger than it's ever been. Opportunities where we have already won deals that are in the contract phase where we may not have POs yet but we've been awarded business is very strong. We mentioned the win rate in Q4 being very good.

And we see further opportunities on both sides of the business to win incremental opportunities. So the good news is with things that we already have in backlog or are working on contracts on, it's a substantial portion of the $1.4 billion number. And we see opportunities throughout the year that may actually close this year or could provide benefit going forward as well.

Christian Schwab -- Craig-Hallum Capital Group -- Analyst

Great. That's my only question. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Samik Chatterjee of JP Morgan. Please go ahead.

Samik Chatterjee -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to kind of ask you to elaborate on what you're seeing more from a geographical perspective in EMEA given that it's now quite a sizable portion of your business. In North America, you kind of highlighted the opportunities. But what do you think looking at in terms of opportunities in 2019 in EMEA and what your growth outlook there would be?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. We are -- I think there's a number of opportunities, partly coming from -- as David said, from an installed base of relationships that we inherited from Coriant. We always -- Infinera always had very, very strong presence in the wholesale market. We continue to have those do well.

We're using actually open ICE in EMEA. In EMEA in particular, there's a growing anxiety over the network security issues that are being raised. And one of the real opportunities we have is to take our transponder and put that on top of other people's infrastructure, whether it's from a Chinese supplier or a supplier that they feel like they are too dependent upon. And we're seeing a number of opportunities, some wins but also a number of trials.

I think the real opportunity for us in EMEA is going to come from the cracking into the Tier 1 relationships that Coriant brought to the table in new applications. And the second one is old applications like transmission where Coriant wasn't winning its fair share of raw transport. The combination of our edge solutions that we're getting from Coriant, the combination of the well-received Transcend SND suite and combine that with the overall portfolio and solutions we're bringing to the 5G markets, I see a lot of opportunity with the traditional Tier 1s. Also, the large order that we got accelerated from Q4 -- into Q4, it actually was a large EMEA customer.

And it was one that was worried about national security issues. So they were picking somebody that was a trusted partner. So I think there's lots of opportunity in EMEA.

Samik Chatterjee -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Got it. And if I can quickly follow up with Brad on the gross margin comment about kind of mid-30s for 4Q exiting the year. Brad, you're talking about component pricing or repricing, taking a couple of quarters. Is that 35% kind of predicated on kind of the full run rate of getting those savings through the component pricing?

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. It's a combination of things, actually. Part of it is realizing the benefits of the lower component pricing. It is further suppliers being involved in that process.

It's also taking out a significant amount of our fixed cost infrastructure to allow us to go forward as a much leaner, agile organization. That's going to drive the benefits over the course of the year. And as I mentioned in my prepared remarks as well, we've deployed over the last few years a lot of latent capacity in the gear that we've sold. As customers add capacity to those networks, that's going to be a nice thing for margin enhancement as well.

Samik Chatterjee -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Jim Suva of Citi. Please go ahead.

Unknown speaker

Hi, thanks for taking the question. This is Tiffany on behalf of Jim. You mentioned expecting cash consumption to be lower in Q1 than Q4 and eventually generating cash in Q4. Can you give us some color around how we should think about projections for operating cash flow, working capital and free cash flow for the quarters through 2019?

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So what I said in my prepared remarks is that it would be roughly 50% of the overall cash consumption that we had in Q4. Obviously, Q4, the first quarter after the deal, there was a lot of deal costs, a lot of true-up of some historic payables that we inherited from the Coriant side of things. So in Q1, we should be somewhere in the $35 million to $40 million burn rate for Q1.

And then as you go over the course of the year, you'll continue to see that decline to where we're burning a small amount of cash in Q3 and actually generating in the fourth quarter.

Jeff Hustis -- Investor Relations

Thanks. How about the next question?

Operator

[Operator instructions] And our next question will come from Simon Leopold of Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Unknown speaker

Thank you for taking my question. This is Mauricio for Simon. Brad, a quick housekeeping item. Did you disclose your free cash flow metric for 4Q?

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

No. It's about a $70 million burn. So CAPEX, we've been keeping really tight. It's a lot of onetime expenses, Mauricio, so don't expect that to be the model going forward.

We're driving a lot of cost out of the business, and unfortunately, it takes cash to do that initially. But we look at the return of that investment as being very, very strong.

Unknown speaker

And the way that we should think about these for 1Q, as you mentioned before, it should be close to 50% of the expenditure in 4Q '18. Is that a good way to think about that?

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes, yes. So about half the size and still driven by a lot of onetime expenses, right. The underlying business is getting a much better cost structure, and that's why we are confident, as we get through the year, we get the onetime expenses behind us, that we'll actually start generating cash again.

Unknown speaker

OK. And then for Tom, do you guys continue to make a good traction with your ICE4 base portfolio? You already unveiled ICE5 and just recently announced ICE6. So again, my question is that given the large benefits of capturing cost efficiencies by sort of spreading your initially developed -- internally developed IP over an end-to-end portfolio in an expanded customer base, do you guys -- are you guys still planning on tapping third-party providers of DSP for some point-to-point applications of -- against high turnover customers? Is that something that you're still contemplating?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. We're committed to the value proposition of vertical integration. We believe that we can differentiate around performance, around cost, around quality and a whole lot of other capabilities. And we see that as a core differentiator in the market.

Having said that, we don't have the resources, and also, there's not always a payoff. If something's going to be in the market for a period time that doesn't allow the payoff, we think that there's an opportunity to complement our vertical integration strategy with an external strategy of using technologies that help us bring excellent technology solutions to market but are more cost-effective because of the life cycle to use with third party. So we're going to do both.

Unknown speaker

OK. And then on the hybrid model, you're still committed to bring your total road map to half or I guess two years rather than the four years that you guys did before. I guess the reason why I'm asking, I'm trying to understand the dynamics of relying on third-party DSPs for some applications, some verticals. And I understand the importance of being early to market.

But I also understand that that could be a sort of headwind to gross margins, while at the same time, you continue to incur high -- the high operating costs associated with speeding the turnaround of your next-generation portfolio for, I guess, your larger, more cyclical customers. So I guess if you can sort of talk me through that. How should we be thinking about it?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, you should think about it that we're going to bring technologies to market that allow us, one, to differentiate; and two, allow our customers to continue to bring down network cost. At the end of the day, customers have a need to bring down their dollar per bit about 15% to 20% a year every year. We do that in a magnificent function with our PIC and DSP vertical integration. Having said that, we are not going to have the ability, either because of a desire, headcount or cost, to bring every generation of technology to market on our own.

So you'll see us complement our own capabilities by bringing in third-party technologies to solve that problem that customers experience. We're only going to develop technologies ourselves where we not only can differentiate but also earn a fair return. The cadence of ones we will do ourselves, you should probably hold as a TBD. Right now, we are bringing 600-gig to market this quarter.

We're bringing 800-gig to market in about 1.5 years from now, a little less than 1.5 years from now. So you're going to see us have a technology cadence. As you're probably aware on the 600, that we're bringing to market with the Groove, that's actually not based upon Infinera vertical technology. That's through commercial technologies.

We believe it will be a performance leader in the industry, and I think that we're going to earn a good return on that as a company.

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. And Mauricio, to touch on the financial side of your question, I would tell you to think about it from an operating margin perspective because for some of the cycles that are very short, the investment in R&D that you make, it's just really hard to recover that. And so for shorter loop products, we may pay a little bit more from a gross margin perspective, but we avoid the R&D related to it. On things that have a much longer life cycle, we can actually amortize that R&D over time and enjoy the overall benefits.

So both of them allow the best operating margin based on the market for those products.

Unknown speaker

That's pretty helpful. And I have one last question. And I think Tom referred to this in his previous commentary. But we have seen the announcements by large European and APAC customers talking about, I guess -- or stating that they are not planning to have Huawei as a 5G provider.

I mean, we believe the 5G is more than RAN. So I was wondering if this topic has come up in recent conversations with your large Tier 1 customers or Coriant's large Tier 1 customers in EMEA. And what could it mean for Infinera?

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, that conversation certainly has come up. And you're right, all the press is around 5G. But the concern in 5G -- people talk about 5G, but the concern that is articulated around 5G is cascading through the rest of the network. For the first time, as I conversed with European customers, they are clear that there is being pressure put upon them internally and externally about making sure that they are having a secured network, and they are fundamentally looking to evaluate what they need to do.

So it's much bigger than a 5G question. I think it's a transport question. It's probably a router question. It is a significant question that they are acknowledging is real.

And they are acknowledging that they are going to have to make decisions for two reasons: one, government pressure in regard to network security; customer pressure about them now being asked, if I have a contract with you, will you carry my traffic across Chinese manufactured gear? So there's economic forces outside of government forces that are making this very sticky for them. And I think the third issue is regardless of the network security, a typical comment when I talk to customers is, yes, we've got this national security thing that's creating some challenge for us, but it's also adding to our own concern that we are too dependent upon one supplier. So I think when you add all of those things together, I do think it's creating a market opportunity for insertion from a non-Chinese manufacturer into these opportunities. Having said that, none of these people will move overnight.

This is a directional shift that, I think, will take time. I think it's very real, and I think it's very important. How the politics of it plays out, I don't know.

Unknown speaker

Great. Thank you so much for the color.

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Tom Fallon for any closing remarks.

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

I'd just like to thank you for your time today, and I look very forward to keeping you updated on our integration and the opportunity we have ahead. Have a great day.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 56 minutes

Call Participants:

Jeff Hustis -- Investor Relations

Tom Fallon -- Chief Executive Officer

Brad Feller -- Chief Financial Officer

Meta Marshall -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

David Heard -- Chief Operating Officer

Alex Henderson -- Needham and Company -- Analyst

Christian Schwab -- Craig-Hallum Capital Group -- Analyst

Samik Chatterjee -- J.P. Morgan -- Analyst

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